Frequently Asked Questions About EMDR

1.) What is EMDR therapy?

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​  Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) therapy is designed to process traumatic or distressing memories. It involves recalling a memory while using bilateral stimulation (BLS). Some examples of BLS include eye movement, tapping, or sounds. BLS is used to engage the entire brain in reprocessing and reduce the emotional intensity of the memory. Research on EMDR suggests that this process is like REM sleep, as it mimics the brain's natural healing process. 

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​Think about the phrase, "I'll sleep on it". Have you ever noticed less distress or more clarity about a problem you are experiencing after a good night's sleep? It's a similar concept but with a different method. ​

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​2.) What conditions does EMDR treat?

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​ EMDR was first used and is well known for treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, a formal PTSD diagnosis is not necessary to receive or benefit from EMDR. EMDR is effective in treating anxiety, depression, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and grief. EMDR is effective in treating serious traumas such as childhood abuse or a car accident, but is also effective in reducing distress from experiences that we may not consider to be "traumatic" or "small t traumas" versus "big T traumas". For example, low self-esteem or relationship difficulties stemming from adverse childhood experiences, such as criticism or embarrassment, can be treated using EMDR.

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3.) Is EMDR therapy effective?

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Yes, EMDR is well-supported by research, particularly for PTSD, and is endorsed by the American Psychological Association and the World Health Organization. It significantly reduces trauma symptoms, including hypervigilance, fear, worry, nightmares, sadness, and anger.

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4.) How many sessions does EMDR therapy take?

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Research shows that the average number of sessions ranges from 3 to 12. However, the duration varies depending on the individual and the nature of the trauma. A single-event trauma (car accident, injury, etc.) typically takes fewer sessions than complex or repeated traumas (childhood abuse, abusive relationships, military combat, etc.). 

The frequency of sessions is also a factor. Someone receiving EMDR therapy twice per week is likely to see improvement compared to someone who receives it every other week. 

Another considerable factor is events occurring in between sessions. For example, if you have experiences that are upsetting or bothersome to you, it may require additional treatment time. Or the opposite, if you have experiences that boost your well-being or makes you feel more empowered, you may need less treatment time. 

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5.) How will EMDR affect my perception of the traumatic memory?

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   EMDR reduces the emotional intensity and distress of a traumatic memory. Many people will describe the memory as being distant, less vivid, or less upsetting. Physical sensations such as pain, discomfort, nausea, chest tightness, and so forth are reduced or go away entirely. As reprocessing occurs, a person will likely experience new insights, thoughts, and feelings. 

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It is important to point out that while EMDR can reframe how you view a past experience, it does not mean that your fundamental belief about it will change. For example, you will not view a traumatic event as something pleasant or see an unsafe person as someone who should be your friend. 

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6.) Is EMDR just as effective virtually as it is in person?

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Yes, research shows that virtual EMDR is just as effective as in-person EMDR. Additionally, there are benefits to doing EMDR virtually, including being in the comfort of your own space and easy accessibility. Being in a comfortable space can help people open up more easily, potentially enhancing the effectiveness. Virtual sessions are always held on HIPAA-compliant video software (we use Simple Practice). 

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7.) Is EMDR like hypnosis?

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   No, EMDR is not like hypnosis. During EMDR, you are fully conscious, aware, and in control. EMDR involves reprocessing memories using BLS, not inducing a trance-like state.

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8.) Does EMDR have side effects? Is there anything to be aware of when doing EMDR?

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   People may experience heightened emotions, vivid dreams, and emotional distress during or after sessions. Before beginning reprocessing, the therapist works with the client to identify coping skills and techniques to alleviate any distress experienced. Also, your EMDR therapist is available if you need additional support in between sessions. 

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Some of the coping skills and techniques commonly used are grounding techniques, breathing exercises, relaxation exercises, and mindfulness. Also, any activity that provides a distraction, such as music, television, or reading, can be helpful. 

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9.) Who can provide EMDR therapy?

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   EMDR should only be provided by a licensed mental health professional, such as a therapist (licensed social worker, mental health counselor) or a psychologist who has been trained by an organization accredited by the EMDR International Association (EMDRIA). 

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There are trainings that are not accredited by EMDRIA. Generally, such trainings are not as comprehensive and may not be facilitated by professionals with proper EMDR training. EMDR is used by following a detailed and specific protocol. Proper training ensures that the proper protocol is used and that EMDR will be safe and effective. 

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10.) Is EMDR safe for everyone?

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   EMDR is generally safe when provided by a trained therapist. However, special considerations are given for people with severe dissociation, certain personality disorders, or acute mental health crises without prior stabilization. A therapist will assess the appropriateness for EMDR before this treatment is administered. 

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11.) What are the differences between EMDR and other therapies?

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   EMDR often works faster than traditional talk therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), psychodynamic therapy, internal family systems therapy, and others. The BLS used in EMDR requires less verbal processing and sharing details about traumatic or painful events. Unlike therapies relying heavily on verbal processing and therapist-guided dialogue, EMDR allows thoughts, feelings, and sensations to surface naturally, which drives the reprocessing and results in less distress and fewer symptoms associated with trauma. Many people prefer EMDR therapy after they hit a plateau with other therapies or if they have difficulty talking about their experiences. 

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12.) How should I prepare for an EMDR session?

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To get the most out of EMDR, it is important to minimize distractions and interruptions. This includes:

·      Choosing a quiet, distraction-free environment where nobody will disturb you

·      Making sure notifications and other possible distractions (phone calls, emails, apps, etc.) are silenced or closed on your electronic device

·      Having a good Internet connection

·      Equipment that is functioning properly, such as your electronic device and headphones

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Also, it is important to trust the process and ask any questions about EMDR you may have. Your therapist is there to guide you, inform you, and make sure the process is done correctly. Some people worry about whether they are doing EMDR “the right way” or if they should be experiencing certain things. You cannot do EMDR incorrectly- unless you deliberately try to! If something isn’t right, your therapist will make the necessary adjustments. 

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Your therapist will support you throughout the process, so there is no need to overprepare- just come with an open mind and trust the process.